How close are we to eradicating HIV? - Philip A. Chan | Summary and Q&A

TL;DR

The world is making significant progress towards eradicating HIV by preventing transmission through the use of antiretroviral drugs and pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP). However, challenges such as lack of access to medications and healthcare systems still exist.

Key Insights

• 😑 HIV can be eradicated by preventing transmission through the use of antiretroviral drugs and pre-exposure prophylaxis.
• ☠️ Treatment as Prevention, where HIV-positive individuals take ARVs, can significantly reduce transmission rates.
• ❤️‍🩹 Access to medications and healthcare systems is crucial in achieving the goal of ending HIV, particularly in countries with a high burden of the disease.
• ❤️‍🩹 Investing in resources to improve healthcare systems and increase testing and treatment access is necessary to make progress towards ending the HIV epidemic.
• 👶 The estimated cost of reducing new HIV infections by 90% by 2030 is around 20-30 billion dollars per year.
• 👶 Halving the number of new HIV infections from 1996 to 2017 shows progress, but further investments are needed to reach the goal of eradicating the disease.
• 🥺 ARV treatments enable most people living with HIV to lead long and healthy lives.

Transcript

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Questions & Answers

Q: How do antiretrovirals (ARVs) work in combating HIV?

ARVs block HIV's access into immune cells and prevent the virus from replicating, effectively stopping its spread in infected individuals. They can also be used preventatively through PrEP.

Q: What is Treatment as Prevention?

Treatment as Prevention is the concept that someone with HIV who takes ARVs can lower the virus level in their bodies until it becomes undetectable, reducing the risk of transmission. When the virus is undetectable, it is untransmittable.

Q: What challenges exist in achieving HIV eradication?

Lack of access to PrEP or ARVs for at-risk individuals and difficulties in taking ARVs for those who are HIV positive pose challenges in stopping the spread of HIV. Access to quality healthcare systems is also crucial but not available to everyone.

Q: How much investment is needed to significantly reduce new HIV infections by 2030?

According to a study by the UNAIDS, an estimated 20-30 billion dollars per year would be required to achieve a nearly 90% reduction in new HIV infections by 2030. This investment would improve testing, treatment access, and healthcare systems.

Summary & Key Takeaways

• Advances in HIV treatment, such as one-pill, once-a-day medications, are helping to effectively tackle the disease and stop its transmission.

• Antiretrovirals (ARVs) work by blocking HIV replication and can be used preventatively through PrEP to protect individuals at risk of contracting the disease.

• In people with HIV, ARVs can significantly reduce transmission rates by lowering the virus level in their bodies until it becomes undetectable, making it untransmittable.